And dyeing



UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

i ALFRED PARAE OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A SSIGNOR TO EDlVARD SABINE REN- WIUK, OF SAME PLACE, TRUSTEE.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION 01" COLORS ZEOR PRINTING AND DYEING. A

Specification forming part of Letters Patent Ala-109,341 dated November 15, 1870.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED PARAF, of

France, now residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have made an invention of new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture and Application of Colors for Printing and Dyeing Fibrous and Textile Articles; and that the following is a full, clear, and exact description and specification of my said invention.

' Previous to this invention vegetable colors have generally been applied to fabrics with the coloring-matter in a practically insoluble condition. In printing, for example, madder colors upon cloths, the extract of madder employed has been mixed with water, acetic acid, the acetates of alumina, soda, or lime, oil, and gum or starch, and the mixture has been printed upon the cloth. Subsequently, the printed cloth has been steamed, for the purpose of fixing the color, and then washed. As the coloring-matter was used in a practically insoluble state, a large portion of it was vaporized by the steaming, while another large portion, being held only mechanically to the cloth by the starch or gum, was washed off in the subsesolution of soap, and can be precipitated in the fabric'froin that solution.

In order that the invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the mode in which madder colors may be prepared and applied to fibrous and textile articles ac cording to the invention.

Any extract of madder that is soluble in an alkaline solution may be used for the purposes of this invention, the extracts preferred being tiuctorine, oleizarine, and the factitious or arti-' ficial extract of madder.

The following mode of practicing the invention has produced satisfactory results when a deep-red color is to be produced:

Prepare the printing-color as follows: Dissolve one-third of one pound of common soap in one gallon of boiling water; add to the solution one pound of extract of madder in paste, as, for example, oleizarine; heat the mixture until the extract is dissolved, and then thicken it suitably for printing by means of starch, one-fourth pound of starch being generally suliicient for each quart of solution.

The cloths for printing should be prepared for the purpose as follows Pad the cloth with a mixture of three parts of a solution of acetate of alumina at 4, Baum, and one part of a solution of acetate of lime at 4 Baum. Dry the cloth and age it until all, or nearly all, the acetic acid has passed off. I Print the prepared cloth, in the usual manner, with the printing-color above described,

Purple colors may be obtained by preparing the cloth for printing as follows Mix together three parts of the solution of the ag tate of iron at 2 Baum, and one part of the solution (fi'a cetate of lime at 2 Baum. Dry and age the cloth as 1n the ordinary way. Print it withthe red printing-color above described then steam the cloth, wash it, and soap it in the same manner as for reds. If reds and purples are to be printed upon the same piece of cloth, the cloth is prepared as above described for printing red, and the red-colors are printed with the printing-color above described. The purples are printed with a printingcolor prepared by adding to each gallon of red printing-color made as above described two ounces of dry ground ferrocyanide of potassium. Chocolate color may be produced by adding to the red printing-color above described a suflicient quantity of the solution of cliromate of soda to produce the desired shade of color. In all these cases the cloth should be prepared for printing by padding it with the solution of acetate of lime, drying it, and aging it; but this preliminary preparation'of the cloth is not essential. The cloth is printed with the color, and is then steamed, washed,and soaped in the ordinary way.

If the cloths are to be dyed with the colors, this maybe done by padding them with the solution of the acetates of alumina and of lime for the reds, the solution of the acetates of iron and lime for the purples, and the solution of the acetates of chrome and of lime for the chocolate color. The cloths are then dried and aged, after which they are padded in the hot soap solution ot'color without the addition of starch.

Another mode of practicing the invention is to pad the cloth to be printed or to be dyed with a solution of soap, in the proportions of one-half of one pound to the gallon of water, to dry the cloth, and to print it, or to dye it (by padding it) with color prepared with the extract of madder and the mordants in the ordinary way. The steaming subsequent to printing causes the solution of the printed coloring-matter by the soap, and its precipitation in the cloth ang the operation of dyeing causes a likesolutio'n of the coloring-matter by the soap, and its precipitation in the cloth.

7 In such case, the madder colors, instead of being manufactured by means of soap before their application to the fabric, are manufactured in the fabric by means of the soap.

Another mode of practicing the invention is to prepare the soap compound directly from the crude madder material, suchas flowers of madder or garancine, instead of from an extract previously obtained for the purpose. The invention may then be practiced as follows: Boil together garancine, water, and soap, in the following proportions: garancine, one pound; water, one pound; soap, half a pound. Boil for fifteen minutes. Filter the compound, and press the residuum. Boil the residuum with additional quantities ofwater and soap in the above proportions, and filter and press as at first until the garancine is exhausted of coloring-matter. Afterward the filtered soap solutions may be mixed together. The soap compound of the color thus produced may be sold to printers or dyers, or it may be applied directly to the cloths. A convenient mode of applying the soap solution of the color to the cloths is to introduce it into a paddingmachine, and keep it hot, by preference at the boiling point, by means of a steam-pipe passing through the reservoir or vat of the padding-machine. Prepare the cloth by printing it with the usual mordants for madder colors, and dry it then pass it through the soap solution of the color in the padding-machine, permitting the cloth to remain in the solution a sufficient time to produce the required intensity of color, from one to five minutes time being generally sufficient for this purpose. The cloth is then washed with boiling water containing bran, in the usual manner practiced in cleansing cloths in print-works, until the unprinted portions of the cloth have attained the requisite whiteness.

In place of separating the soap solution of the color from the residuum before the cloth is passed through, the boiling mixture of the garancine and soap solution may be introduced directly into the padding-machine, and the printed cloth be subjected to it, as before de scribed. As fast as the soap solution of the color is absorbed by the cloth, additional quantities of a hot solution of soap, containing halt a pound of soap for each gallon of water, should be added to the mass in the padding-machine, and the whole should be kept at the boiling point by means of a pipe or coil of pipe, through which steam is passed.

The addition of the solution of soap may be continued in this manner until the coloring matter of the garancine is exhausted.

The object of keeping the soap solution of color hot during the treatment of the cloth with it is to keep it in a thin liquid condition, and thereby facilitate the operation.

.In the preceding description, common soap has been named as the agent used for rendering the coloring-matter soluble, and the common white and yellow soaps manufactured for domestic purposes are well suited to the purpose, but it is not necessary that soap should be specially obtained for the purpose, as any saponaceous vcompound of an alkali and an oil or fat in which the coloring-matter is soluble may be used.

The invention is applicable not only to madder colors, but to others which are soluble in alkaline solutions, as, for example, to the coloring-matters of wood, sandal-wood, curcurma, anatto, quercitron, and Persian berry. In operating with these articles the same mordants that are used with the same dye materials in the ordinary methods in use may be used in practicing the present invention. These mordants should be applied to the cloth, and the latter should be dried, after which it may be printed or padded with the compound of the coloring-matter and the soap.

In all cases the cloth should be subjected to the soap compound before the acetic acid is dissipated from the cloth.

Having thus described my invention, and the modes of practicing it which I deem best, I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The manufacture of colors for printing Witness my hand this 8th day of J une,A.D. and dyeing fibrous and textile articles of the 1870. coloring-matter and soap, substantially as before set forth.

2. The process of applying colors to fibrous and textile articles by means of the eoloring- Witnesses:

matter and soap, substantially as before set JULIUS. GERSON, forth. FRANgoIs LUEFFEE.

ALFRED PARAF. 

